What Are The 4 Types Of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a condition that makes it harder for some people to talk, make friends, and understand social cues. It's like their brains are wired a bit, and it can affect how they communicate and behave. Doctors diagnose it in early childhood and it affects individuals depending on their level of functioning. [1]

There are different types and levels of autism. In this article, we will take a look at the "four types of autism." It's important to note that doctors don't categorize autism this way anymore since 2013. [2]

We'll also talk about the signs, features, and ways to help people with different types of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). By understanding the differences between each condition, we can better help those with autism in our lives.

Here are the types of autism:

Asperger Syndrome

Asperger's Syndrome is a condition that makes it hard for people to communicate and interact. It's a kind of autism, but it's milder, and some people call it “high-functioning autism.” People with Asperger's can live normal, independent lives.[3]

One of the main challenges for people with Asperger's is dealing with social communication. They might find it hard to understand and respond to social cues like the tone of voice, facial expressions, and body language. Here are some other common things that people with Asperger's might experience:

• They might not be very good at understanding other people's feelings.
• They can be sensitive to things like loud noises or bright lights.
• They might do the same thing over and over again, like counting or tapping their fingers, or saying certain phrases or words a lot.
• Sometimes, they might find it hard to focus on tasks, or they might focus hard on one specific thing.
• They often have a strong interest in a specific topic or object.

Doctors usually diagnose Asperger's in kids or teenagers, but adults can find out they have it too. [3]

Autistic Disorder

Classic autistic disorder is the most severe form of autism. People with this condition have a hard time communicating and interacting with others, and they often do the same things over and over again.

Understanding both spoken words and unspoken signals like facial expressions or gestures can be tough for them. Starting or keeping a conversation going isn't easy, and making friends can take a bit more time. [4]

Childhood Disintegrative Disorder

Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (CDD), or Heller’s Syndrome, is a rare type of autism that happens in kids under ten years old. Kids with CDD suddenly start losing skills they used to have, like talking, moving around easily, and communicating with others. We don't really know why this happens, and it's pretty rare, affecting less than one in every 100,000 kids. [5]

Kids with CDD are okay at first, but between ages two and four, parents and doctors start to notice something's wrong. The kids begin to lose the skills they learned, like speaking and playing with others. Their ability to move and communicate starts to get worse. [5]

Pervasive Developmental Disorder – Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS)

PDD-NOS stands for Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified, and it's one of the types of Autism spectrum disorders. Sometimes, people call it "subthreshold autism." Kids with PDD-NOS might be a bit slower to develop skills in talking, making friends, and certain behaviors. [6]

Kids with PDD-NOS have some of the same challenges as kids with other types of autism. They're kind of in the middle - they might have a harder time than some, but an easier time than others. [6]

For example, they might find it tricky to make friends their own age, understand what others are trying to say without words or play pretend games. They might also do the same thing over and over again, be super interested in one thing, or be sensitive to how things feel, sound, or taste. Changes in their usual routine can be a big deal for them.

So, in a nutshell, kids with PDD-NOS have some challenges with talking, socializing, and behavior, but it's not as severe as classic autism. Intrusive thoughts with autism can sometimes exacerbate these challenges, causing additional anxiety or stress. [6]

The Truth About The Autism Types Based on a 2013 Study

In 2013, scientists at the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) did a study that helped us understand the four different categories of autism we talked about earlier. [1]

They found out that people with any type of autism often find it hard to make friends and connect with others. This can make social situations tricky for them. But, not everyone faces the same level of challenge - it can be different for each person and depends on the type of autism they have.[1]

The NIMH scientists also discovered that the lines between the different types of autism can be blurry. This means a person can have symptoms of more than one type of autism at the same time, like Autistic Disorder and Asperger's Syndrome. This can make figuring out the exact type of autism and the best way to help a bit complicated. [1]

Resources And Possible Treatments For Autism

When it comes to autism, there is no one-size-fits-all treatment or therapy. Each person’s needs and preferences vary significantly, so an early diagnosis means treatment can begin soon. Fortunately, there are many resources available to help those with autism disorder.

Some of the most common treatments include:

1. Online Therapy: Therapists work with individuals to improve their ability to communicate effectively. They can help with language development, nonverbal communication, and pronunciation.
2. Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA): ABA is an evidence-based therapy that focuses on breaking down complex tasks into smaller, more manageable steps. This helps to teach skills such as communication, social interaction, and problem-solving. [7]
3. Occupational Therapy: Occupational therapists work to help those with autism develop and improve fine motor skills, sensory integration, problem-solving skills, and coordination. [8]In addition to these treatments, many organizations and support groups provide services and resources for individuals with autism. Resources range from educational materials and support for parents to providing job opportunities for adults with autism. With early intervention, you can find the best fit for the individual.

You can take this quick general mental health test to check your general mental state.

Conclusion

Autism is a condition that can be pretty complex and different for each person who has it. There are four main types: Asperger Syndrome, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder – Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS).

Even though there's no cure for autism, there are treatments and therapies that can help manage the symptoms. Every person with autism is unique, so they might need a special plan that's just for them to help them be their best selves.

Getting the right diagnosis and support is super important. With the right help, people with autism can live meaningful lives and do a lot of awesome things!

FAQ

References

1. Autism Spectrum Disorder - NIMH
2. Why Doctors Changed the Way They Categorize Autism
3. Asperger Syndrome - an overview
4. Classic Autism
5. Childhood disintegrative disorder
6. PDD, pervasive developmental disorder, pdd-nos
7. Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)
8. Why is occupational therapy important for autistic children?
9. Understanding the Three Levels of Autism

⚠️Disclaimer⚠️:
The information provided on this health blog is for informational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.